MarBEF Data System



Hydrozoa taxon details

Stylaster Gray, 1831

117246  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:117246)

accepted
Genus
Cryptaxis Reuss, 1865 † · unaccepted (synonymy)
Deontopora Hall, 1893 † · unaccepted (synonymy)
Stylaster (Allopora) Ehrenberg, 1834 · unaccepted (synonymy)
Stylaster (Eustylaster) Broch, 1914 · unaccepted (synonymy)
Stylaster (Stylaster) Gray, 1831 · unaccepted (subgenera not in use for Hydrozoa)

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  1. Species Stylaster alaskanus Fisher, 1938
  2. Species Stylaster amphiheloides Saville Kent, 1871
  3. Species Stylaster antillarum Zibrowius & Cairns, 1982
  4. Species Stylaster antiquus Sismonda, 1871 †
  5. Species Stylaster arborescens (Nielsen, 1919) †
  6. Species Stylaster asper Saville Kent, 1871
  7. Species Stylaster atlanticus Broch, 1936
  8. Species Stylaster aurantiacus Cairns, 1986
  9. Species Stylaster bellus (Dana, 1848)
  10. Species Stylaster biflabellum Cairns, 2015
  11. Species Stylaster bilobatus Hickson & England, 1909
    1. Forma Stylaster bilobatus f. alba Hickson & England, 1905 accepted as Stylaster bilobatus Hickson & England, 1909 (synonymy)
  12. Species Stylaster bithalamus Broch, 1936
  13. Species Stylaster blatteus (Boschma, 1961)
  14. Species Stylaster bocki Broch, 1936
  15. Species Stylaster boreopacificus Broch, 1932
  16. Species Stylaster boschmai (Eguchi, 1965)
  17. Species Stylaster brochi (Fisher, 1938)
  18. Species Stylaster brunneus Boschma, 1970
  19. Species Stylaster californicus (Verrill, 1866)
  20. Species Stylaster campylecus (Fisher, 1938)
    1. Subspecies Stylaster campylecus campylecus (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylaster campylecus (Fisher, 1938) (elevated to species rank)
    2. Subspecies Stylaster campylecus parageus (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylaster parageus (Fisher, 1938) (changed combination)
    3. Subspecies Stylaster campylecus trachystomus (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylaster trachystomus (Fisher, 1938) (raised to species rank)
    4. Subspecies Stylaster campylecus tylotus (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylaster campylecus (Fisher, 1938)
  21. Species Stylaster carinatus Broch, 1936
  22. Species Stylaster chibaensis Eguchi, 1954 †
  23. Species Stylaster cocosensis Cairns, 1991
  24. Species Stylaster complanatus Pourtalès, 1867
  25. Species Stylaster compressus (Römer, 1863) †
  26. Species Stylaster corallium Cairns, 1986
  27. Species Stylaster crassior Broch, 1936
  28. Species Stylaster crassiseptum Cairns & Lindner, 2011
  29. Species Stylaster crassus (Nielsen, 1919) †
  30. Species Stylaster cretaceous Jell, Cook & Jell, 2011 †
  31. Species Stylaster densicaulis Moseley, 1879
  32. Species Stylaster dentatus Broch, 1936
  33. Species Stylaster diastemata Cairns, 2015
  34. Species Stylaster digitiformis Cairns, 2020 †
  35. Species Stylaster divergens Marenzeller, 1904
  36. Species Stylaster duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867
  37. Species Stylaster eguchii (Boschma, 1966)
  38. Species Stylaster elassotomus Fisher, 1938
  39. Species Stylaster erubescens Pourtalès, 1868
    1. Subspecies Stylaster erubescens britannicus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992
    2. Subspecies Stylaster erubescens erubescens Pourtalès, 1868
    3. Subspecies Stylaster erubescens groenlandicus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992
    4. Subspecies Stylaster erubescens meteorensis Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992
    5. Subspecies Stylaster erubescens meterorensis Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 accepted as Stylaster erubescens meteorensis Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
  40. Species Stylaster filogranus Pourtalès, 1871
  41. Species Stylaster flabelliformis (Lamarck, 1816)
  42. Species Stylaster fundatus Cairns, 2015
  43. Species Stylaster galapagensis Cairns, 1986
  44. Species Stylaster gemmascens (Esper, 1790)
    1. Subspecies Stylaster gemmascens alaskanus Fisher, 1938 accepted as Stylaster alaskanus Fisher, 1938 (synonym)
  45. Species Stylaster gigas Cairns & Grant-Mackie, 1993 †
  46. Species Stylaster gracilis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850
  47. Species Stylaster granulosus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850
  48. Species Stylaster griggi Cairns, 2005
  49. Species Stylaster griseus Cairns & Zibrowius, 2013
  50. Species Stylaster hattorii (Eguchi, 1968)
  51. Species Stylaster horologium Cairns, 1991
  52. Species Stylaster ibericus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992
  53. Species Stylaster imbricatus Cairns, 1991
  54. Species Stylaster incompletus (Tenison-Woods, 1883)
  55. Species Stylaster incrassatus Broch, 1936
  56. Species Stylaster infundibuliferus Cairns, 2005
  57. Species Stylaster infundibuliferus (Lamarck, 1816)
  58. Species Stylaster inornatus Cairns, 1986
  59. Species Stylaster kenti Cairns & Zibrowius, 2013
  60. Species Stylaster laevigatus Cairns, 1986
  61. Species Stylaster leptostylus (Fisher, 1938)
  62. Species Stylaster lindneri Cairns, 2015
  63. Species Stylaster lonchitis Broch, 1947
  64. Species Stylaster malpeloensis Lizcano-Sandoval & Cairns, 2018
  65. Species Stylaster marenzelleri Cairns, 1986
  66. Species Stylaster maroccanus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992
  67. Species Stylaster marshae Cairns, 1988
  68. Species Stylaster microstriatus Broch, 1936
  69. Species Stylaster miniatus (Pourtalès, 1868)
  70. Species Stylaster mooraboolensis (Hall, 1893) †
  71. Species Stylaster multicavus Cairns, 2020 †
  72. Species Stylaster multiplex Hickson & England, 1905
  73. Species Stylaster nobilis (Saville Kent, 1871)
  74. Species Stylaster norvegicus (Gunnerus, 1768)
    1. Forma Stylaster norvegicus f. atlanticus Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster norvegicus (Gunnerus, 1768) (synonymy)
    2. Forma Stylaster norvegicus f. pacificus Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster verrillii (Dall, 1884) (synonymy)
  75. Species Stylaster obtusus Cairns, 2015
  76. Species Stylaster omanensis Cairns & Samimi-Namin, 2015
  77. Species Stylaster papuensis Zibrowius, 1981
  78. Species Stylaster parageus (Fisher, 1938)
    1. Subspecies Stylaster parageus columbiensis Cairns & Lindner, 2011
    2. Subspecies Stylaster parageus parageus (Fisher, 1938)
  79. Species Stylaster polymorphus (Broch, 1936)
  80. Species Stylaster polystomos Cairns, 2015
  81. Species Stylaster priscus Reuss, 1872 †
  82. Species Stylaster profundiporus Broch, 1936
    1. Forma Stylaster profundiporus f. crassicaulis Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster profundiporus Broch, 1936 (synonymy)
  83. Species Stylaster profundus (Moseley, 1879)
  84. Species Stylaster pulcher Quelch, 1884
  85. Species Stylaster purpuratus (Naumov, 1960)
  86. Species Stylaster ramosus Broch, 1947
  87. Species Stylaster repandus Cairns & Lindner, 2011
  88. Species Stylaster robustus (Cairns, 1983)
  89. Species Stylaster rosaceus (Greeff, 1886)
  90. Species Stylaster roseus (Pallas, 1766)
  91. Species Stylaster sanguineus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850
  92. Species Stylaster scabiosus Broch, 1935
    1. Subspecies Stylaster scabiosus infundibulipora (Eguchi, 1968) accepted as Stylaster scabiosus Broch, 1935 (synonymy)
  93. Species Stylaster sinuosus (Cairns, 1991)
  94. Species Stylaster solidus Broch, 1935
  95. Species Stylaster spatula Cairns, 1986
  96. Species Stylaster stejnegeri (Fisher, 1938)
  97. Species Stylaster stellulatus Stewart, 1878
  98. Species Stylaster subviolacea (Kent, 1871)
  99. Species Stylaster tenisonwoodsi Cairns, 1988
  100. Species Stylaster trachystomus (Fisher, 1938)
  101. Species Stylaster tritoni Maggioni, Cairns, Pica & Benzoni, 2022
  102. Species Stylaster tuberosus Cairns, 2020 †
  103. Species Stylaster venustus (Verrill, 1868)
  104. Species Stylaster verrillii (Dall, 1884)
  105. Subgenus Stylaster (Allopora) Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Stylaster Gray, 1831 (synonymy)
    1. Species Stylaster (Allopora) bocki Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster bocki Broch, 1936 (basionym, changed combination)
    2. Species Stylaster (Allopora) boreopacificus Broch, 1932 accepted as Stylaster boreopacificus Broch, 1932 (basionym, changed combination)
      1. Forma Stylaster (Allopora) boreopacificus f. typica Bronn, 1932 accepted as Stylaster boreopacificus Broch, 1932 (synonymy)
    3. Species Stylaster (Allopora) carinata Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster carinatus Broch, 1936 (basionym, changed combination)
    4. Species Stylaster (Allopora) norvegicus (Gunnerus, 1768) accepted as Stylaster norvegicus (Gunnerus, 1768) (changed combination)
    5. Species Stylaster (Allopora) porphyrus accepted as Stylantheca papillosa (Dall, 1884) (synonymy)
    6. Species Stylaster (Allopora) profundus (Moseley, 1879) accepted as Stylaster profundus (Moseley, 1879) (changed combination)
    7. Species Stylaster (Allopora) scabiosa Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster scabiosus Broch, 1935 (changed combination)
    8. Species Stylaster (Allopora) solidus Broch, 1935 accepted as Stylaster solidus Broch, 1935 (changed combination)
  106. Subgenus Stylaster (Eustylaster) Broch, 1914 accepted as Stylaster Gray, 1831 (synonymy)
    1. Species Stylaster (Eustylaster) duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867 accepted as Stylaster duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    2. Species Stylaster (Eustylaster) gemmascens (Esper, 1790) accepted as Stylaster gemmascens (Esper, 1790) (changed combination)
    3. Species Stylaster (Eustylaster) lonchitis Broch, 1947 accepted as Stylaster lonchitis Broch, 1947 (basionym, changed combination)
    4. Species Stylaster (Eustylaster) ramosus Broch, 1947 accepted as Stylaster ramosus Broch, 1947 (basionym, changed combination)
    5. Species Stylaster (Eustylaster) roseus (Pallas, 1766) accepted as Stylaster roseus (Pallas, 1766) (changed combination)
  107. Subgenus Stylaster (Stenohelia) Kent, 1870 accepted as Stenohelia Kent, 1870 (changed combination)
    1. Species Stylaster (Stenohelia) challengeri Boschma, 1951 accepted as Stenohelia profunda Moseley, 1879 (synonymy)
  108. Subgenus Stylaster (Stylantheca) Fisher, 1931 accepted as Stylantheca Fisher, 1931 (changed combination)
    1. Subgenus Stylaster (Stylaster) Gray, 1831 accepted as Stylaster Gray, 1831 (subgenera not in use for Hydrozoa)
      1. Species Stylaster (Stylaster) duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867 accepted as Stylaster duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867 (changed combination)
    2. Species Stylaster abei (Eguchi, 1968) accepted as Stylaster campylecus (Fisher, 1938) (synonymy)
    3. Species Stylaster bella (Dana, 1846) accepted as Stylaster bellus (Dana, 1848) (wrong spelling)
    4. Species Stylaster cancellatus Fisher, 1938 accepted as Stylaster alaskanus Fisher, 1938 (synonymy)
    5. Species Stylaster challengeri Boschma, 1951 accepted as Stenohelia profunda Moseley, 1879 (synonymy)
    6. Species Stylaster echinatus Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster filogranus Pourtalès, 1871 (synonymy)
    7. Species Stylaster elegans Verrill, 1864 accepted as Stylaster sanguineus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850
    8. Species Stylaster elegans Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 accepted as Stylaster duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867
    9. Species Stylaster eximius Saville Kent, 1871 accepted as Stylaster duchassaingi Pourtalès, 1867 (synonym)
      1. Forma Stylaster eximius f. atlantica Broch, 1936 accepted as Stylaster atlanticus Broch, 1936
      2. Forma Stylaster eximius f. altus Hickson & England, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
      3. Forma Stylaster eximius f. dentatus Hickson & England, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
      4. Forma Stylaster eximius f. irregularis Hickson & England, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
      5. Forma Stylaster eximius f. minor Hickson & England, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
    10. Species Stylaster laevis Studer, 1878 accepted as Conopora laevis (Studer, 1878) (basionym, changed combination)
    11. Species Stylaster madeirensis (Johnston, 1862) accepted as Stenohelia maderensis (Johnson, 1862) (changed combination)
    12. Species Stylaster milleri Durham, 1942 † accepted as Stylantheca milleri (Durham, 1942) † (basionym, changed combination)
    13. Species Stylaster minimus Hickson & England, 1905 accepted as Stenohelia minima (Hickson & England, 1905) (basionym, changed combination)
    14. Species Stylaster moseleyanus (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylaster campylecus (Fisher, 1938)
      1. Forma Stylaster moseleyanus f. leptostylus Fisher, 1938 accepted as Stylaster leptostylus (Fisher, 1938) (raised to species rank)
    15. Species Stylaster nagaoi (Eguchi, 1968) † (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
    16. Species Stylaster obliquus Studer, 1878 accepted as Conopora laevis (Studer, 1878) (synonymy)
    17. Species Stylaster petrograptus (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylantheca papillosa (Dall, 1884) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    18. Species Stylaster polyorchis (Fisher, 1938) accepted as Stylaster campylecus (Fisher, 1938)
    19. Species Stylaster porphyra (Fisher, 1931) accepted as Stylantheca papillosa (Dall, 1884) (synonymy)
    20. Species Stylaster punctatus Pourtalès, 1871 accepted as Stylaster roseus (Pallas, 1766)
    21. Species Stylaster rossoamericanus Brandt, 1872 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
    22. Species Stylaster tenuis Verrill, 1864 accepted as Stylaster sanguineus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850
    23. Species Stylaster tiliatus Hickson & England, 1905 accepted as Stenohelia tiliata (Hickson & England, 1905) (basionym, changed combination)
    24. Species Stylaster umbonatus Hickson & England, 1905 accepted as Stenohelia umbonata (Hickson & England, 1905) (basionym, changed combination)
    25. Species Stylaster verrucosus Studer, 1878 accepted as Conopora verrucosa (Studer, 1878)
    26. Species Stylaster virginus (Lindström, 1877) accepted as Stylaster complanatus Pourtalès, 1867 (synonymy)
    27. Species Stylaster yabei Eguchi, 1941 accepted as Stenohelia yabei (Eguchi, 1941) (basionym, changed combination)
      1. Forma Stylaster yabei f. minor Eguchi, 1941 accepted as Stenohelia yabei (Eguchi, 1941) (synonymy)
      2. Subspecies Stylaster yabei minor (Eguchi, 1941) accepted as Stenohelia yabei (Eguchi, 1941) (synonymy)
    28. Species Stylaster alloporoides (Reuss, 1865) † (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, homonym)
    marine, brackish, terrestrial
    recent + fossil
    Gray, J. E. (1831). Description of a new genus (Stylaster) of star-bearing corals in Gray, J.E., Zoological Miscellany: London, Treuttel, Wurtz, and Co., p. 36–37. <em>In: Gray, J.E., Zoological Miscellany: London, Treuttel, Wurtz, and C.</em> p. 36–37., available online at https://archive.org/details/zoologicalmisce01graygoog/page/n46/mode/2up
    page(s): 36 [details] 
    Depth range 1-1485 m  
    Depth range 1-1485 m [details]

    Taxonomy Cairns (1983) divided the genus into three species groups, based othe orientation of the cyclosystem on the branches.  
    Taxonomy Cairns (1983) divided the genus into three species groups, based othe orientation of the cyclosystem on the branches. [details]

    Description Calcareous skeleton with fine, tapering branches which are rounded in section. Pores grouped along outer edges. White,...  
    Description Calcareous skeleton with fine, tapering branches which are rounded in section. Pores grouped along outer edges. White, purplish to yellow. Habitat: shallow to deep water. Distribution: all warm seas (Richmond, 1997). [details]
    Schuchert, P. (2024). World Hydrozoa Database. Stylaster Gray, 1831. Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/hydrozoa/aphia.php/api-docs/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=117246 on 2024-10-31
    Date
    action
    by
    2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
    created
    2010-11-20 02:14:34Z
    changed
    2010-11-21 17:12:16Z
    changed
    2017-07-14 13:20:04Z
    changed

    original description Gray, J. E. (1831). Description of a new genus (Stylaster) of star-bearing corals in Gray, J.E., Zoological Miscellany: London, Treuttel, Wurtz, and Co., p. 36–37. <em>In: Gray, J.E., Zoological Miscellany: London, Treuttel, Wurtz, and C.</em> p. 36–37., available online at https://archive.org/details/zoologicalmisce01graygoog/page/n46/mode/2up
    page(s): 36 [details] 

    original description (of Allopora Ehrenberg, 1834) Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862 [details] 

    original description (of Cryptaxis Reuss, 1865 †) Reuss AE. (1865). Zur Fauna des deutschen Oberoligocäns, II. Anthozoen. <em>Sitzungberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.</em> 50: 614-691, pls. 6-15., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6445707
    page(s): 620 [details] 

    original description (of Deontopora Hall, 1893 †) Hall TS. (1893). On two new Tertiary stylasterids. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (New Series).</em> 5: 117-122., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8353945 [details] 

    original description (of Cryptaxiella Kuhn, 1939 †) Kühn, O., 1939. Hydrozoa. In: O.H. Schindewolf, Handbuch der Paläozoologie 2 5: A1-A68. [details] 

    original description (of Stylaster (Eustylaster) Broch, 1914) Broch H. (1914). Stylasteridae. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5 (5): 1-27, pls. 1-5, map. [details] 

    original description (of Cyclopora Verrill, 1866) Verrill AE. (1866). Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Part III. Madreporaria. <em>Communications of the Essex Institute, Salem.</em> 5(3): 17-50, pls. 1-2., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33204514
    page(s): 38 [details] 

    context source (MSBIAS) MEDIN. (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN. version 1.0. [details] 

    basis of record van der Land, J.; Vervoort, W.; Cairns, S.D.; Schuchert, P. (2001). Hydrozoa, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 112-120 (look up in IMIS) [details] 

    additional source Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em> [details] 

    additional source Cairns, S.D. (1983). A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 33(2): 427-508. figs. 1-28. (iv.1983). [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    additional source Broch H. (1914). Stylasteridae. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5 (5): 1-27, pls. 1-5, map. [details] 

    additional source Moseley, H.N. (1876). Preliminary report to Professor Wyville Thompson, F.R.S., Director of the Civilian Scientific Staff, on the true corals dredged by H.M.S. 'Challenger' in deep water between the dates Dec. 30th, 1870, and August 31st. <em>Proc. R. Soc.</em> 24: 544-569.
    page(s): 547 [details] 

    additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Rose Atoll coral data compiled from US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994, Townsend Cromwell 2002, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 10]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
    page(s): 1 [details] 

    additional source Cairns, S.D. & A. Lindner. (2011). A revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and adjacent waters. <em>ZooKeys.</em> 158: 1–88. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    additional source Moseley, H.N. (1881 [1880]). Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873–1876. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology.</em> 2 (part 7): 1-248, pl. Hydrocorallinae 1-14, Helioporidae 1-2, Madreporaria 1-16., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-07/README.htm [details] 

    redescription Cairns, S.D. (2015). Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) of the New Caledonian Region. <em>Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 28. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 207. Publications Scientifiques du Muséum: Paris.</em> 361 + 1 cd-rom pp., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/27379
    page(s): 158; note: Key to New Caledonian species. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    redescription Cairns S.D. (1986b). Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galapagos Islands. <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.</em> 426: 1-42. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    redescription Cairns, S.D. (1986). A revision of the Northwest Atlantic Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.</em> 418: 1-131., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/pdf_hi/SCTZ-0418.pdf
    page(s): 54 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    redescription Cairns, S.D., 1988. New records of Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Western Australia, including the description of two new species. Rec. W. Aust. Mus. 14 1: 105-119. [details] OpenAccess publication

    redescription Cairns, S.D. (1991). The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydroida). <em>New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir.</em> 98: 1-179, pls. 1-77. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    redescription Zibrowius, H. & S.D. Cairns. (1992). Revision of the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). <em>Mémoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, série A, Zoolologie.</em> 153: 1-136. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

    identification resource Cairns, S.D. (1992). A generic revision of the Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 3. Keys to the genera. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 49(1-2): 538-545. [1991]. published 27 Jan 1992. [details] Available for editors  PDF available
     
     Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
    From editor or global species database
    Depth range 1-1485 m [details]

    Taxonomy Cairns (1983) divided the genus into three species groups, based othe orientation of the cyclosystem on the branches. [details]

    Unreviewed
    Description Calcareous skeleton with fine, tapering branches which are rounded in section. Pores grouped along outer edges. White, purplish to yellow. Habitat: shallow to deep water. Distribution: all warm seas (Richmond, 1997). [details]
        Definitions

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