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MarBEF Data System |
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WoRMS name details
context source (HKRMS)
Hong Kong marine fish database. <em>AFCD.</em> , available online at https://www.hk-fish.net/en/fish/introduction/ [details]
context source (Bermuda)
Smith-Vaniz, W. F.; Collette, B. B.; Luckhurst, B. E (1999). Fishes of Bermuda: History, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys
(American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists - Special Publication No.4)
. ASIH, 424 pp. [details]
basis of record
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Collette, B. B., ; Klein-MacPhee, G. (2002). Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. <em>Smithsonian Institution Press.</em> 1-748. [details]
additional source
Florida Museum of Natural History. 2003. Ichthyology Collection Database., available online at http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Collection/collectdata.htm [details]
additional source
Welshman, D.; Kohler, S; Black, J.; and L. Van Guelpen. (2003). An atlas of distributions of Canadian Atlantic fishes. , available online at http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/FishAtlas/default.htm [details]
additional source
McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
From other sources
Description Mainly oceanic (Ref. 7251) but also encountered in surface or mid-waters of lagoons, shallow muddy bays, off river mouths, and seaward reefs. Occurs singly or in small groups (Ref. 1602). Mainly plankton feeders, but may feed on small and moderate-sized fishes as well (Ref. 9911). Mantas are not aggresive but are dangerous because of their rough skin and huge size which has led to the deaths of deep-sea divers whose airlines have been entangled with these creatures. May be captured by means of the harpon. Leaps out the water every once in a while. [details]
Diet Feeds mainly on plankton, may consume small fishes [details]
Distribution Gulf of Maine to Brazil, and occasionaly further north [details]
Habitat nektonic [details]
Habitat Found to depths of 24 m, mainly in nearshore waters, around coral reefs . [details]
Importance Social - Minor commercial fishery [details]
Predators Sharks [details]
Reproduction Internal fertilization; ovoviviparous [details]
From editor or global species database
From other sources
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